Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Sociology Solutions Chapter 2 Contribution of Western and Indian Sociologists
1. (A) Choose the correct alternative and complete the statements.
1. (B) Correct the incorrect pair.
1. (C) Identify the appropriate term from the given options.
(Polarization. M. N. Srinivas, R. N. Mukherjee)
Question 1.
Marx argues that classes will become hostile towards each other.
Answer:
Polarization
1. (D) Correct the underlined words and complete the sentence.
2. Write short notes.
2. Ghurye’s work on scheduled tribes, were based on the historical, administrative and social dimensions of Indian tribes. He wanted the tribals to be integrated with the wider Indian society. He has written on tribes like Mahadev Kolis in Maharashtra. His book, ‘Caste and Race in India’ is one of the most important contribution to Indian sociology.
3. Ghurye referred to the long process of Hinduisation of the tribes from different parts of India. He considered cultural unity between tribes and caste as the only means to promote integration in Indian society.
4. His book, ‘Caste and Race in India’, published in 1932 combines historical, anthropological and sociological perspectives to understand caste and kinship system in India.
2. Anomic suicide : When situations go against the norms and values of a person. In such condition individual finds it difficult to face the situation and adjust with that, e.g., suicide of farmers.
3. Altruistic suicide : This type of suicide is different from egoistic suicide. This type of suicide means sacrificing own life for the betterment of people or society, e.g., Sati system, a patient commits suicide for the sake of family.
4. Fatalistic suicide : When an individual is under excessive control from the outside factors fatalistic suicide takes place e.g., Dowry death. According to Durkheim social situations, circumstances, factors are responsible for suicide and become a ‘social fact.’
3. Differentiate between.
Theological Stage | Positive Stage |
(i) Theological stage is the first stage of Comte’s Law of three stages. | (i) Positive stage is last or third stage of Comte’s law of three stages. |
(ii) Human thinking, ideas and views were influenced by spiritual and supernatural factors. | (ii) This is an improved rational, scientific form of human thinking. |
(iii) All societies believed that God controls all events in the world. | (iii) Instead of imagination and superstitious belief, societies turn towards empirical scientific approach. |
(iv) Example : Natural calamities like flood, drought etc., were the expressions of God’s anger. | (iv) Example : Discoveries of Newton and Galileo, enlightement. |
Anomic Suicide | Altruistic Suicide |
(i) Anomic suicide takes place in situations where one is not able to adjust with circumstances which arise unexpectedly. | (i) Altruistic suicide means, an individual commits suicide with the object of doing well for others. |
(ii) This is due to economic instability and personal struggle. | (ii) This is due to fanatical love for one’s own community. |
(iii) It reflects a normlessness. | (iii) It is value-oriented. |
(iv) Example : Businessman committed suicide due economic depression or extreme prosperity. | (iv) Example : Sati system (committed by Indian women in the past), Hara-kiri (committed by Japanese) |
4. (A) Complete the concept maps.
4. (B) State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.
5. Give your personal response.
6. Answer the following in detail (About 150-200 words).
Theological stage : In this stage human beings believed in supernatural and spiritual factors. It was believed that three was a control of God on all events in the world. The human mind, at this level, supposed that all phenomena was produced by the immediate action of supernatural beings. For example, all natural calamities were the expressions of God’s anger. This stage is dominated by priests and ruled by military men.
Following are the challenges which poses for Indian society:
Positive/Scientific stage : Comte says, scientific stage is an improved and scientific form of human thinking. Now, instead of imagination, we turn to observation. Since Reason and examination were basic planks of knowledge at this stage hence, one seeks to establish laws which link facts and which govern social life.
Effect of scientific stage on Indian Society:
11th Sociology Digest Chapter 2 Contribution of Western and Indian Sociologists Intext Questions and Answers
ACTIVITY (Textbook Page No. 16)