Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Sociology Solutions Chapter 6 Social Problems in India
1A. Complete the following statements by choosing the correct alternative given in the brackets and rewrite it.
1B. Correct the incorrect pair and rewrite it.
1C. Identify the appropriate term from the given options in the box and rewrite it against the given statement.
Narcotic drugs, Patriarchy, Gender discrimination
1D. Correct underlined words and complete the statement.
2. Write short notes.
Impact on family: Alcohol addiction problems pose a threat to stable family life resulting in domestic violence. Addiction to mobiles can lead to loneliness within the family because of a lack of communication.
Impact on health: The levels of stress, anxiety, and aggression can take their toll on the physical, mental and emotional well-being of addicts as well as others in the family.
Impact on work: it can adversely affect levels of commitment, efficiency, an increase in instances of sexual harassment, exploitation of vulnerable people, inability to focus on any activity, increased absenteeism, etc.
POLICY – The National Policy on Older Persons (NPOP) envisages support from the state government towards older persons’ care via. the provisions of shelter, support, healthcare facilities, etc.
Role of organizations/NGOs – NGOs HAVE contributed significantly towards helping the problem of the aged in India. For example, in Help Age India, Harmony India Today there are online communities that can lend support.
Role of Education – Schools can help through community service projects, outreach programmes, socially useful productive work and NSS create awareness about the problems of the elderly, aged, and senior which can inculcate values of caring for them.
Role of Family – Parents, and relatives can play a major role in creating a suitable atmosphere within the involving them in activities.
Above are the measures which we can implement to tackle the problem of aging.
3. Write differences.
Social Problem | Individual Problem |
(i) Meaning: A social problem is faced by numerous persons is described as a social problem. | (i) Meaning: A problem that is faced by an individual and his/her family is described as an individual problem. |
(ii) Effects: Anti-social norms behaviour is considered as a social problem as it affects the wellbeing of the entire society. | (ii) Effects: An individual’s own habit, lethargy, inertia, personality is an individual problem that may affect the well-being of an individual, thus the cause of the problem rests with the individual. |
(iii) Solution: Removal of social problems requires collective efforts to the wellbeing of the entire society. | (iii) Solution: The efforts of the concerned individual may be sufficient to save his/her problem. |
(iv) Nature: A social problem is rooted in the individuals who constitute the society. When the problem of poverty is tackled, the problem of poor individuals gets solved. | (iv) Nature: When the scope of a personal problem enlarges and is faced by numerous individuals, it becomes a social problem, e.g. Unemployment |
(v) For example, Ageing, Unemployment, Farmers’ Suicide, Domestic Violence, Addiction, corruption, overpopulation are social problems. | (v) For example, lack of job opportunities, matching one’s education or skills, conventional mindsets of a community, lack of political will, etc., are individual problems. |
Mobile addiction | Drug addiction |
(i) Nature: It refers to an obsession with mobile phones for various reasons, and a desire to constantly upgrade one’s mobile phone. | (i) Nature: It refers to a physical and biological dependence on drugs which leads to unpleasant symptoms when the person stops using the substance. |
(ii) Causes Easy access to the internet due to which it is flooded with information, misuse of mobile phones for destructive, negative, and vested purposes. | (ii) Causes Peer pressure, curiosity, personal and psychological conditions such as depression/inferiority/superiority complex. |
(iii) Effect: Almost constantly on call, cybersex addiction, online compulsions, virtual relationships, etc., are the effects of mobile addiction. | (iii) Effect: Dependency on drugs, stress, anxiety, aggression or irritability can take its toll on addicts. Inability to focus on activity etc., are the effects of drug addiction. |
(iv) Measures: Self-assessment, getting involved in participative activities such as hobby classes, sports and games can help in building positive experiences for individuals which can help to tackle mobile addiction. | (iv) Measures: Creating awareness among the public, counseling, laws, drug addiction clinic, mass media, etc., are the measures to tackle drug addiction. |
4. Explain the following concepts with examples.
For Example Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA), the salient feature of which is to enable institutions of higher education for capacity building in different fields of employment, communication skills, analytical and research skill,s, etc.
5A. Complete the concept map.
5B. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons.
Though technology produces skilled workers, good quality material and well-paid job opportunities, materialistic comfort, easy travel, communication of media, easy access to information, and present opportunities for social progress. It has an adverse impact too.
The Internet has given us access to data which is good for many reasons but the internet also is a means to an entire virtual world which can be problematic it may lead to internet addiction when there is a compelling need on the part of an individual to have to continuously access specific internet sites for gaming, adult sites, pornography, social media, entertainment, and stimulation.
Similarly, if one goes beyond a mobile phone like a gadget, to what the phone does for us, it opens a Pandora’s Box of possibilities like connectivity, social media networking, gaming, access to the web world, filming, editing, creative enterprises, and numerous apps serving a variety of needs which creates mobile addiction. It develops an urge to be on a call constantly and a habit of checking one’s messages during sleep also leads to anxiety caused by loss of one’s phone and contacts. Thus, technology can take a toll on mental and physical well-being too.
Peer groups, family, neighbourhood, society, mass media are important agencies of socialisation. Generally, individuals do not opt consciously to become an ‘addict’. It is what they become over a period of time. Under the influence of several factors.
Peer pressure and social status – Friends in a group may knowingly or unknowingly pressurize others to adopt certain habits in order to ‘fit in’ which is common among students but it can also cut across other age categories e.g., the habit of smoking or ‘doing weed’ among friends.
Consuming narcotic drugs or imported brands of alcohol may be considered a fad in certain groups; non-conformity could lead to isolation or labelling. Thus, friends play important role in socialising addictive behaviour.
6. Give your personal response.
(ii) Negative side:
7. Answer the following question in detail. (About 150-200 words)
Following are the social-economic measures to support farmers:
Support to farmers in distress: Farmers need a support system to help them with various crises that arise due to irregular monsoons, crop failure, failure, indebtedness, etc.
Insurance: Life insurance for distressed farmers and this family and crop insurance against crop failure, failure of monsoons, destruction of agricultural produce by locusts or viruses, etc., should be provided to farmers.
Provisions for direct sales from farmers to buyers: Removal of middlemen, agents, brokers who grab a large share of the profits and leaving a meager sum for marginal/small farmers who actually put their sweat to grow the crop.
Water harvesting: Water is a basic and essential requirement for farming so for good yield. Effective measures for water harvesting and water management are necessary.
Role of banks: Banks and cooperative credit societies need to set up their systems in farmer-friendly ways. The disbursement of loans to farmers and also need to encourage a saving habit among farmers.
Multi cropping: Farmers need a strong support system from the government to provide training to farmers for growing two or more crops on the same piece of land in the same growing season.
Class 12 Sociology Chapter 6 Social Problems in India Intext Questions and Answers
Check your progress (Textbook Page No. 85)
Check your progress (Textbook Page No. 88)
Check your progress (Textbook Page No. 91)
Check your progress (Textbook Page No. 93)
With reference to the ‘Bell Bajao Andolan’.
Check your progress (Textbook Page No. 98)
Activity 1 (Textbook Page No. 83)
Hold a class discussion to share the problems faced by the aging population. Speak to your family members and share inputs.. If you can, speak to the elderly/aging people in your neighbourhood, informally and share these insights too.
Answer:
(i) Problems faced by the ageing population.
(ii) Some of the problems faced by ageing people are listed down.
Activity 2 (Textbook Page No. 85)
Form groups of 10 students. Each group collects data from 10 persons in your neighbourhood. Prepare a tool for data collection and use a personal interview technique or questionnaire to find out about their families: the size of family, educational level of each member, whether they are employed or not. Write a group report of about 10-15 pages. Present your findings in class.
Answer:
Sample of a survey/questionnaire
Topic-Research on unemployment
Gender…….
Age……….
No of members in family……
Yes/No Questions
Activity 3 (Textbook Page No. 88)
Interview 5 working adults in the age group 22-30, in your local area. Find out about their educational background, work-life, and aspirations in life. Do you see any pattern in the responses that you receive? Discuss these in class.
Answer:
Person 1 | Person 2 | Person 3 | Person 4 | Person 5 | |
Name | X | Y | Z | A | B |
Age | 30 | 28 | 23 | 28 | 23 |
Residence | Worli | Worli | Worli | Worli | Lower Parel |
Qualification | S.S.C | B.Com | H.S.C | B.Sc. | B.Com |
Work-life | Tailor stitching trousers, shirts, blazers as per customers demand. Design clothes on a computer also. | Garment merchant purchasing raw material, finishing the garment. | No job [Playing cricket] | Chemist Own medical shop at Parel ‘Kumar Bros. Medical’ | Financial manager in India Bulls, Parel. Analysis of target, monitoring cash flow, back-office service, etc. |
Aspirations in life/ambitions in life | Fond of music wanted a career in music. | Wanted to become a famous merchant. | Want to become a famous cricketer and wanted to play for the nation. | To focus on my medical shop. | No ambition, now at a good post and happy in that position. |
Activity 4 (Textbook Page No. 93)
Find out information about the ‘Bell Bajao AndoiaiT. Then, enact a small skit in your class.
Answer:
According to the national family health survey (NFHS), 37% of Indian women’s have been abused and harassed by their husbands almost 50% of the Indian population both men and women believe that it is okay and even justifiable that man beat up their wives which is okay but which is actually not.
“Bell Bajao Andolan” this campaign was launched in India on 20th August 2008. Bell Bajao Andolan is an anti-domestic violence campaign that gives local residents to take and stand against physical abuse through simple acts means to interrupt domestic violence. This campaign promotes individual action against domestic violence. The founder of this initiative was Malaika Dutt.
In India Bell Bajao Andolan was an initiative that men have to take against domestic violence act is the campaign sought to reduce the occurrence of domestic violence and discrimination against women.
Activity 5 (Textbook Page No. 96)
Class Discussion:
The impact of Internet addiction and mobile addiction on human life.
Answer:
Smartphone/mobile addiction, sometimes colloquially known as “nomophobia” which means fear of being without a mobile phone, is often fueled by an Internet overuse problem or Internet addiction disorder.
Impact of internet and mobile addiction on human life:
Activity 6 (Textbook Page No. 97)
Prepare a 7-10 minute street play on The problem of internet addiction. End with a message of hope. Perform the street play on your campus and then in your neighbourhood. (After taking necessary permissions).
Answer:
Students can perform a street play to create awareness about problems of internet addiction keeping in mind the following points to pass on as a message.
Everyone these days are hooked to their mobile phones. While we may overlook this as a common behaviours in the current times, the truth is that it has deep behavioural and social impacts. It impacts our health, relationships as well as work. People suffering from mobile addiction suffer from nomophobia which is the fear of being without or unable to use your mobile phone for some reason or the other.
Activity 7 (Textbook Page No. 98)
Make a list of 10 students’ activities that can be carried out in their leisure time. Find out from 10 of your peers about the activities they would take up, at least once every week. Tabulate your findings and share them with your class.
Answer:
Student | Activities |
Student No. 1 | Watching Netflix, Amazon Prime, playing PUBG |
Student No. 2 | Drawing, Doing exercise, Playing PUBG |
Student No. 3 | Studying, interested in political news, video chat with friends |
Student No. 4 | Doing exercise, watching TV, cooking different dishes |
Student No. 5 | Using DIY ideas for home, video chat with friends, watching Netflix |
Student No. 6 | Helping parents for household work, playing video games |
Student No. 7 | Working in mall |
Student No. 8 | Attending online classes of Std. 12th, doing craft activities |
Student No. 9 | Handling fruit shop, watching TV |
Student No. 10 | Helping parents in farming work, doing domestication of animals in the village |
Activity 8 (Textbook Page No. 100)
View 10-15 Television advertisements and analyse the extent to which advertisements promote or reinforce: gender stereotypes. Also, try to find out advertisements that do not present gender stereotypes.
Have a class discussion after viewing select advertisements.
Answer:
In the world, the biggest platform to influence people is none other than television. Television has been used in society for awareness campaigns such as for Polio, Literacy, Covid-19, etc., but as we know every coin has two sides. Similarly, this platform is misused by many companies for their vested interests.
Example:
In the advertisement of a fairness cream, it implies that only fair women are beautiful and only they can climb the ladder of success, and if they are dark or brown then you won’t be successful and aren’t considered beautiful.
Simply for the sale of their product, these companies resort to blatant racism and age-old gender stereotypes, indirectly stressing that women should be fair.
Some examples of advertisements that do not present gender stereotypes are Sasa detergent powder, Rambandhu papad masala, Bajaj LED bulbs, etc.
Activity 9 (Textbook Page No. 100)
Important legislation is taking shape in the Maharashtra Legislation Assembly regarding the situation of women’s sugarcane cutters of the Beed district. Many of them have undergone ‘hysterectomy’ or removal of the uterus. Collect information and discuss it in class.
Answer:
Beed district: In the sugarcane cutter community, menstrual periods are considered a problem and they think surgery is the only option to get rid of it. Women in Vanjarwadi village said, 50% of women who have had hysterectomies say that it is the norm in villages to remove the uterus after having two or three children.
The (Mukadam) contractor is keen to have women without wombs in his group of cane cutters. As per the contractors, menstrual periods make the cutting process slow, so there is no question of taking leave for a day or two, and work is halted. A contractor cannot afford to lose even a rupee.
Due to the removal of the uterus, there is a serious impact on the health of women, such as hormonal imbalance, mental health issues, gain weight, etc.
Action- of government: Maharashtra government has decided to make health check-up compulsory for them before and after the sugar cane cutting season.
The government has asked doctors to submit a monthly report on the hysterectomy operations conducted by them.