Question 1

Question 1: Assertion (A): Poverty level declines with a rise in agricultural output. Reasoning (R): Agricultural incomes have declined due to wide fluctuations in climatic conditions. (i) (A)

Accepted Answer

(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Question 2

Question 2: Assertion (A): Urban poverty is attributed mainly to spillover effects of migration among the rural poor. Reasoning (R): Poor rural infrastructure, lack of alternative jobs results

Accepted Answer

(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 3

Question 3: Assertion (A): Relative poverty is found in all the countries of the world. Reasoning (R): Differences in the levels of income is the only criteria for judging relative poverty, (i

Accepted Answer

(i) (A) is true, but (R) is False.

Question 4

Question 4: Assertion (A): Poverty is not just a lack of money but also a lack of capabilities. Reasoning (R): Lack of freedom to satisfy hunger, lack of health care facilities, denial of poli

Accepted Answer

(iii) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 5

Question 5: Assertion (A): Food security, credit facilities guarantee social protection to the poor. Reasoning (R): Leakages in the administrative system perpetuate poverty. (i) (A) is true, b

Accepted Answer

(iv) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Question 6

Question 1: Colours of Ration card – White, Green, Saffron, Yellow

Accepted Answer

Green

Question 7

Question 2: High Poverty ratio – Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Kerala

Accepted Answer

Kerala

Question 8

Question 3: Calories – 2400, 1800, 2100, 2250

Accepted Answer

1800

Question 9

Question 1: Denial of opportunities to certain sections of the people in the society.

Accepted Answer

Social exclusion

Question 10

Question 2: Concept of poverty that covers material and non-material dimensions.

Accepted Answer

Multidimensional poverty

Question 11

Question 3: Poverty is judged on the basis of relative standards of livings of the people.

Accepted Answer

Relative poverty

Question 12

Question 4: Poverty can be completely eradicated.

Accepted Answer

Absolute poverty

Question 13

Question 5: Threshold expenditure is needed to satisfy basic human needs at socially acceptable levels.

Accepted Answer

Task Force on Eliminating Poverty

Question 14

Question 1: Baban’s daughter had to be hospitalized due to weakness caused by undernourishment or lack of minimum calorie requirement in the intake of food.

Accepted Answer

Absolute poverty. The absence of minimum income to satisfy the desired level of the calorie intake of food is called absolute poverty. Absolute poverty is generally found in developing countries like India. The situation of undernourishment can be overcome by taking the minimum required calorie food

Question 15

Question 2: Dhanajirao is a wealthy landlord, but his annual income is relatively less in comparison to entrepreneur Raobahadur.

Accepted Answer

Relative poverty. Relative poverty can be judged by comparing the standards of living of different sections of the people. Relative poverty is found in all the countries of the world. It cannot be completely eradicated.

Question 16

Question 3: Urmi’s family live in a situation whereby they are not able to fulfill even the basic needs of life such as food, clothing, and shelter.

Accepted Answer

Absolute poverty. This is the case of absolute poverty where people have less income in which they cannot buy basic needs for living. Such poverty is generally found in developing countries like India. It can be eradicated by applying effective measures by the Government.

Question 17

Question 4: Sanjay’s family receives food grains on the basis of yellow ration cards through the public distribution system.

Accepted Answer

Absolute poverty. In absolute poverty, people are very poor and have very little income. Ration card is one of the measures to eradicate poverty by giving food-grains through ration shop at a subsidized rate.

Question 18

Question 5: In certain parts of the state, starvation-related death has been observed whereas in certain areas gross wastage of food has been reported.

Accepted Answer

Relative poverty. This is an example of differences between two different sections of people in terms of consumption and level of income. Such differences create relative poverty. It is found in all the countries of the world. It cannot be eradicated completely.

Question 19

Question 1: Population control is the only measure to eradicate poverty.

Accepted Answer

No, I do not agree with the statement. Policy measures undertaken for the eradication of poverty are as follows:

Question 20

Question 2: Relative poverty is universal by nature. OR Relative poverty is found in all countries. OR Relative poverty is found in the richest of the rich countries.

Accepted Answer

Yes, I agree with the statement.

Question 21

Question 3: Regional imbalance is the only cause of poverty.

Accepted Answer

No, I do not agree with the statement. The causes of poverty besides regional imbalance are as follows:

Question 22

Question 1: Assess the various measures undertaken to eradicate poverty.

Accepted Answer

Policy measures undertaken for the eradication of poverty are as follows:

Question 23

Question 2: There is an equitable distribution of income and wealth in the country.

Accepted Answer

No, there is an unequal distribution of income and wealth in the country, that’s why India has adopted a progressive taxation policy. The government formulated many welfare policies to raise the income of poor income groups.

Question 24

Question 3: All the citizens have equal access to education, health, energy, and drinking water.

Accepted Answer

No, there is unequal access to education, healthy drinking water. In urban areas, people can afford all the amenities. There are many educational institutions 24 hours availability of electricity, many health centers with modern equipment and technology, clean drinking water, etc.

Question 25

Question 4: There is no hunger, starvation, or malnutrition in the country.

Accepted Answer

No, I don’t agree with the statement. In India a large number of people especially women and children are not able to get food. 14.8% (195.9 million people are undernourished, 51.4% of women age between 15 to 49 years) are anemic, 38.4% of the children aged under five are too short for their age, 21

Question 26

Question 5: There is a lack of sanitation facilities in the country.

Accepted Answer

Yes, I agree with the statement. In rural areas, most of the people (300 to 522 million) still practice open defecation. In addition to considerable Indian homes having no toilets, access to water supply and drainage facilities is also another serious problem.

Question 27

Question 6: The poverty ratio is uniform across all the states.

Accepted Answer

In India poverty is different from state to state. In India first ten poorest states or high poverty ratio is in Chhatisgarh (93%), Jharkhand (36.96%), Manipur (36.89%), Arunachal Pradesh (34.67%), Bihar (33.74%), Odisha (32.59%), Assam (31.98%), Madhya Pradesh (31.65%), Uttar Pradesh (29.43%), Karn

Question 28

Question 1: Given the number of members in your family prepare a list of food items and non-food items purchased monthly.

Accepted Answer

Step-by-step solution provided.

Question 29

Question 2: Calculate the total monthly consumption expenditure of your family’s consumption basket as per the current prevailing prices.

Accepted Answer

Note: Students should do this activity by themselves with the help of their family head.

Question 30

Question 3: What is the per capita monthly expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Per capita income is the average income per head of population in one year. Per capita monthly expenditure of an individual family can be calculated by using the following formula. Per Capita monthly expenditure = Note: Students can do further calculations with the help of their family head.

Income groups	Individuals
(i) High Income	CEO of a Multinational Company
(ii) Upper Middle Income	Executive in a company
(iii) Middle Income	Salesman in a shop
(iv) Low Income	Contract labour

Food Items	Non Food Items
(a) Cereals	(a) Petrol or fuel
(b) Pulses	(b) Medicines
(c) Milk and Milk products	(c) Entertainment
(d) Vegetables	(d) Footwears
(e) Fruits	(e) Clothing
(f) Spices	(f) Bedding
(g) Meat/Mutton	(g) Electric material
(h) Edible oil	(h) Electronic Gadgets
(i) Sweet Dish	(i) Scooter
(j) Processed food	(j) Toiletries

Type of Ration Card	Income Criteria
White	Rs. 1,00,000 and above
Saffron	Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 1,00,000
Yellow	People Below the poverty line

Chapter 8 Poverty in India Solutions