Chapter 4 Climatic Regions Solutions

3. Give geographical reasons.

4. Differentiate between.

5. Answer in detail.

Places close to the tropical region receives less sunlight:

Altitude : The atmosphere is indirectly heated by terrestrial radiation from surface of the earth. Therefore, the place near the sea level experiences higher temperature than the places situated at higher altitude. In other words, the temperature generally decreases with increase in height. The rate of decrease of temperature with increase in height is known as Normal Lapse rate. It is 6.4°C per 1000 meters altitude.

Distance from the Sea : The location of place with respect to the sea also determines the temperature of that place. Though, the sun provides same amount of heat over land and water bodies, there is difference in their heating and cooling capacity. Compared to land, the sea (water) gets heated slowly and loses heat slowly. On the other hand, land heats up and cools down faster. Therefore, the variation in temperature over the water bodies is less as compared to land masses. The coastal areas come under the moderating influence of the sea and land breezes and experience moderate or equable climate while interior parts of the continents experience extreme climate.

Prevailing winds : Winds affect the temperature and rainfall of any area. Winds carry with them the temperature of their source regions. Hot winds increase the temperature while cold winds decrease the temperature, e.g., cold wind waves from Himalayas carry low temperature to parts of the Deccan Plateau. Thus, south west monsoon winds in India reduce the temperature after the onset of monsoon in June all over the country.

Some winds carry moisture and give rain to the area they visit. For example, South-west monsoon winds give rainfall to western coastline of India.

Ocean currents : Ocean currents considerably influence temperature of the adjacent land area. Warm currents raise the temperature of the coastal areas, whereas cold currents reduce the temperature near the coast where they flow.

Aspect of slope : In the northern hemisphere the south facing slopes and in the southern hemisphere the north facing slopes always face the sun. Hence, sun facing slopes are warmer and the opposite slopes are cooler.

6. On a world map, show the following areas

(1) Equatorial Rainforests and Savannah Climatic Regions.
(1) Savannah climatic region in Africa
(2) Highland climatic region in India
(3) Chile and Russia
(4) Ice cap climatic region
(5) Desert
Answer:

11th Geography Digest Chapter 4 Climatic Regions Intext Questions and Answers

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(ii) There is variation in food because food depends on geographical factors like climate, soil, location etc. For example, in extreme cold climate areas soil is covered with snow, so agriculture is not possible, people eat fish and meat of fur bearing animals. The countries located along the coastline eat fish and rice because fishing is carried out at the coastal areas and rice is grown on fertile delta of the river along the coastline.

(iii) People prefer to use clothes according to climate. For example, Inuits in Polar region wear fur clothes due to extreme cold climate, Europeans wear woollen cloths in winter due to cold climate, Asians mostly wear cotton clothes except in winter.

The pattern of house depends upon the climate and availability of material in the surrounding area. For example, in heavy rainfall areas houses have sloping roofs, in hot climatic areas houses are made up of stones or thick walls to prevent the effect of outside hot air.

People use material available in the surrounding area for construction of houses. For example, Inuits in Polar region use snow to build houses, since it is available in plenty. These peculiar houses are called Igloos.

(iv) Particular temperature and rainfall are essential for the growth of flora. For example, coniferous forest grows in cool climate and snowfall. Flora provides food and shelter to fauna, therefore wherever there is thick flora, fauna is bound to be there. In grassland region grass eating animals like dear, antelope, rabbits are seen but the camel is seen only in the desert.

(v) Every fruit crop requires particular type of climate; therefore, different fruits grow in different areas depending upon the climate. For example, apples are grown in Jammu and Kashmir, mangoes, cashew nuts and jackfruits are grown in the Konkan region due to suitable climate.

(ii) This type of tropical rainforest climate is found in north eastern states of India, western coast of West Bengal, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(ii) Temperature is the main element of climate. The temperature varies with latitude and not with longitudes. Geographical distribution is the natural arrangement of the various forms of plants and animals in different regions and localities of the earth. This distribution varies with the latitude as we go away from the equator towards the poles. Thus, longitudes are not given.

(ii) Due to long indented coastlines and cool climate, fishing is done on a large scale. Presence of South Pacific Ocean and small part of South Atlantic Ocean are major fishing regions.

(ii) Since the region is covered by snow weathering is slow. Mechanical weathering is prominent here but is very slow. Alternate freezing and thawing takes place here.

(ii) Hunting of aquatic life is the dominant occupation followed here.

(ii) High latitudes are the regions away from the equator. The intensity of sunlight goes on decreasing as we move away from the equator towards the poles. The equatorial and tropical regions will have precipitation in the form of rainfall.

High altitude regions are the regions at an elevation from the mean sea level. In high altitude regions temperature decreases with increase in height therefore they are covered by snow as precipitation is in the form of snowfall.

Can you tell?

2. Read the graphs and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 46)

3. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 47)

In Cairns highest rainfall is 486 mm in the month of February and least amount of rainfall occurs in August around 37 mm. Thus, the difference between the values of rainfall is 449 mm.

4. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 48)

Brasilia is located at the top of Brazilian highlands. It has milder climate due to elevation and with two distinct seasons, the rainy season and dry season.

5. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 48)

6. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 50)

7. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 51)

Shanghai is located in the middle of China’s east coast near the mouth of river Yangtze to the North, the East china sea to the east, Hangzhou Bay to the south and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces to the west.

8. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 52)

9. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 53)

10. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 54)

11. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 55)

12. Read the graph and answer the following questions. (Textbook Page No. 56)

Find out! (Textbook Page No. 44)

Use internet or reference books to find out about the attempts at classification of climates.
Answer:
Classification of climate was given by Wladimir Peter Koppen, Charles Warren Thornthwaite and Glenn Thomas Trewartha.
[Student are required to research and attempt this question on their own]