Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 10 The World Since 1945 – II
1A. Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.
1B. Identify the incorrect pair in every set, correct it and rewrite.
1C. State the appropriate concept for the given statement.
2A. Complete the concept map.
2B. Observe the given map and answer the following questions.
Question i.
Name any 4 countries formed after the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Georgia Latvia, Estonia, Moldova, Lithuania, Azerbaijan.
Question ii.
Name two neighbouring countries of Hungary.
Answer:
Austria, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Slovakia.
3. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.
Question 1
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Non-aligned countries put forth the demand for NAFTA.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
This statement is False.
Question 2
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Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the founder of ASEAN.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
This statement is False.
4. Explain the co-relation between the following.
Question 1
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Cold War and Non-aligned movement.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
The Cold War began after the end of the Second World War in 1945. It refers to a period of intense ideological hostility, build-up of armaments, the establishment of military alliances e.g., NATO, WARSAW Pact, etc., and even proxy wars such as in Korea and Vietnam. There were many efforts from 1945 – 1991 on the part of both superpowers to bring about detente i.e., reduction of hostilities and tensions e.g., Moscow Summit (1972). However, for most of this period, the world was divided into the Capitalist bloc (led by the USA and including England, France, etc.) and Communist bloc (led by USSR and including East European nations).
There were a number of newly independent countries as well as some other Third World countries who did not want to join the military alliances of any power bloc. Through the initiative of Jawaharlal Nehru (India) and Marshall Tito (Yugoslavia), the NAM was formally established in 1961 at Belgrade. Other member countries included Ghana, Egypt, Sri Lanka. Indonesia, etc. Non-alignment is based on two main principles: It does not mean political neutrality or passivity but active participation in world affairs without joining any power bloc or military alliance. 5. Answer the following.
Question 1
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Explain the term – New Cold War.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
Two events that occurred in 1979 change the course of detente.
Question 2
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What is a trade bloc?
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
A trade bloc is created when a group of nations makes special agreements regarding their economic relationships with each other. The agreements generally focus on the relaxation or even elimination of trade barriers. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs (taxes on imports) and quotas (limits on the quantities of various imports).
6. Express your opinion on the following.
Question 1
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India played an important role in the Cold War.
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
India was a non-aligned member during the cold war. It means India was neither on the side of the USA nor the Soviet Union. This was for official purposes, which enabled us to avoid giving away our land or resources to the Soviets or Americans (which they could use as a military base and eventually also make India their vassal). Having said that, unofficially India fully supported the Soviet Union.
Soviet Union protected India from the onslaught of the USA, during the India Pakistan war of 1971. The indo-soviet pact during 1971 was spearheaded by PM Indira Gandhi. Further, India cooperated and collaborated greatly with the Soviet Union in the fields of defense, manufacturing industries, medicine, nuclear energy, science among others, however, India was never a direct party to the cold war standoff between the USA and the Soviet Union. 7. Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points.
Question 1
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Elaborate on the period of Detente. (a) Meaning (b) Initiatives are taken by superpowers to reduce tensions
Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:
(a) Meaning of detente: Detente refers to efforts to bring about a reduction in tensions between the USA and the USSR. This was an attempt by the two ‘superpowers’ themselves. The Cuban Missile Crises brought in a realization of a possible nuclear confrontation and the need to deescalate the tensions.
(b) Initiatives taken by the superpowers to reduce tensions: After the Cuban Missile Crisis, both the USA and USSR made several efforts at reducing bilateral tensions (detente). Other initiatives were- Find out! (Text Book Page No. 86) Can you find out some of the summit meetings that have taken place between leaders of India and Pakistan in recent years? Who were the leaders who participated and when and where did the meetings take place? Activity (Text Book Page No. 92) Make a list of all summit meetings of SAARC.
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