Chapter 4 Human Development Solutions

A

B

1. Early childhood

c. Age of questioning

2. Adolescence

e. Storm and stress

3. Infancy

b. From the second week to two years after birth

4. Zygote

a. A single fertilized cell

5. Neonatal period

d. Adjusting to the new environment after birth

1C. State whether the following statements are true or false.

1D. Identify the odd item from the following.

iii. Development is continuous: There are various stages of the human life span like prenatal, infancy, early childhood, late childhood and adolescence, early youth, adulthood, and old age. One stage of development lays the foundation for the next stage. The rate of development varies across stages.

iv. Development proceeds from general to specific: The infant’s first motor movements are very generalized; like reflexes and non-directional waving arms or kicking before being able to reach or crawl towards an object. The child uses his full hand before developing finger dexterity.

v. There are individual differences in development: Although the pattern and sequence for growth and development are usually the same for all, the rate at which every individual reaches that stage is different. Some individuals attain a particular stage very early while others mature late.

vi. The rate of development is different for different body parts: The child first develops control over his neck then raises his head resting on his chest, then sits, crawls, and finally starts walking.

vii. Development leads to integration: A child starts producing sounds first, then monosyllable, then words, then sentences, and then complex sentences. This is how development leads to integration. In this process, physical and mental growth does not occur simultaneously.

viii. Behavioural problems are normal for a particular stage: There are certain behavioural patterns observed in every stage. Any variation in that pattern need not necessarily be labelled as abnormal. This is because some behavioural patterns perceived as problems by parents may subside with age.

ix. Development is predictable: The rate of development is fairly constant for every child. So, it is possible to predict a child’s development.

x. The child develops as a unified whole: Physical and mental development, as well as socio-cultural factors, influence each other and in turn, affect the development of an individual as a whole.

3. Compare and contrast.