Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Sociology Solutions Chapter 4 Social Institutions
1. (A) Choose the correct alternative and complete the statements.
1. (B) Correct the incorrect pair.
1. (C) Identify the appropriate term from the given options.
(Homosexual Marriage, Matrilocal, Heterosexual Marriage)
Question 1.
A married couple is expected to live at the wife’s residence.
Answer:
Matrilocal
1. (D) Correct underlined words and complete the sentence.
2. Write short notes.
Patriarchal Family : In patriarchal family all authority rests at the hands of the male head and the eldest male is regarded as the head of the patriarchal family. It is patrilineal i.e., descent is traced through father’s line. Residence after marriage is patrilocal. The married couples live with the husband’s family, and the name of the father’s side continues to the next generation. It is patronymic. Patriarchal family is the most widespread form of family in India and most parts of the world.
With respect to the changing nature of work and economy three broad stage of economy are as follows: Agriculture Revolution : From hunting-gathering and then pastoral phases, human society entered into a new stage with discovery of agriculture. With development of agriculture, food production increased. Complex division of labour, advanced trade and permanent settlement are the result of economy expansion through agricultural technology.
Industrial Revolution : Industrial revolution which happened around the middle of the 18th century, first in England transformed social and economic life like never before. It brought four notable economic changes.
The Information Revolution : By the middle of the 20th century the nature of production started to change. The use of automated machinery drastically reduced the role of human labour in manufacturing. Three key changes were seen due to the development of computer and information technology.
2. Fosters self-discipline : Through education children learn self-discipline. They internalise the social rules that contribute to the smooth function of society.
3. Teaches specialised skills: The education system teaches specialised skills needed for a complex modern economy. For example, technical schools are specially designed to provide technical / vocational training.
4. Instils the value of achievement in children : Schools like wider society, largely operate on a meritocratic basis. Those with ability and talent achieve their just rewards.
3. Differentiate between.
Matriarchal Family | Patriarchal Family |
(i) Authority rests at the hands of the mother in a matriarchal family. She is considered the head of the family. | (i) The eldest male is regarded as the head of the patriarchal family. All authority rests at the hands of the male head. |
(ii) Matriarchal families follow a matrilineal system of lineage i.e., descent through mother’s line. | (ii) Patriarchal family is also patrilineal i.e., descent is traced through father’s line. |
(iii) Residence after marriage is matrilocal i.e., the bridegroom lives with the wife’s family. | (iii) Residence after marriage is patrilocal. The married couple lives with the husband’s family. |
(iv) The name follows the mother’s line. It is matronymic. | (iv) The name of the father’s side continues to the next generation. It is patronymic. |
(v) The Garo and Khasi tribes of North East India and the Nair’s of South India follow the matriarchal system. | (v) The most widespread form of family in India and most parts of the world is patriarchal family. |
Agriculture Revolution | Industrial Revolution |
(i) From hunting – gathering and then pastoral phases, human society entered into a new stage with discovery of agriculture. | (i) Industrial revolution happened around the middle of the eighteenth century and transformed social and economic life. |
(ii) Agricultures involved using technology of large -scale farming using ploughs harnessed to animals. | (ii) Industrialisation involved using of machinery and new forms of energy. |
(iii) This increased the productive power of hunting and gathering more than tenfold. | (iii) This increased more mass production which turned raw materials into a wide range of goods. |
(iv) griculture revolution resulted into expansion of economy through agricultural technology, complex division of labours permanent settlement and advanced trade. | (iv) Industrial revolution resulted into centralisation of work in factories and specialized division of labour. |
4. Explain the following concept with suitable examples.
Example : Schooling and education are considered as a formal education based on formal curriculum with specific subject and skills.
5. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.
6. Give your personal response.
7. Answer the following in detail (About 150-200 words).
The average age at which people get married is also increasing along with an increasing trend of an individuals not getting married. The changing roles of woman through increased education and employment, has put additional pressures on the family to adapt to dual-earner, households and changing needs of child care. All these changes are affecting family as an institution.
It has given rise to new family relationship:
(i) Single-parent Family : Majority of single parent families are headed by single mothers. This may result from divorce, separation, death or by choice. Sometimes growing up in a single parent family can be a disadvantage for children.
(ii) Cohabitation : Cohabitation is the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple. Younger generations, especially in many parts of Europe and in some urban areas in India are preferring cohabitation as family relation. This is especially true among some same sex couples.
(iii) Step-parenting : As rates of divorce and remarriage is steadily on an increase, it gives rise to a new family form and relation of step-parenting. The extent of children staying in step families is increasing.
In the traditional family living, the wife had no voice in family decision making but in contemporary family she has equal power role to play. The authority has shifted from patriarchal to parents who consult their children an all-important issues before taking any decisions about them. Younger generations now claim more individuality. Change in family does not mean the complete erosion of previous norms and structure.
11th Sociology Digest Chapter 4 Social Institutions Intext Questions and Answers
ACTIVITY (Textbook Page No. 41)
(ii) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam : A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October 1931. His father was an owner of a boat, an imam of local mosque. Due to destruction in business and loss of the family fortune, Kalam’s family suffered poverty. To help his family, he started selling newspapers at an early age. Abdul Kalam completed his graduation from the Madras Institute of Technology and joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist after becoming a member of Defence Research and Development Service (DRDS). He came to be known as the Missile Man of India’. He was the 11th President of India.