Maharashtra State Board Class 9 (SSC) History Solutions Chapter 2 India: Events After 1960 - Digest Answers | Maharashtra Board Solutions

Q: Question 2: A. Based on the information in the chapter, prepare a chronological chart of Prime Ministers and their tenure.

Step-by-step solution provided.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 History Solutions Chapter 2 India: Events After 1960

Class 9 History Chapter 2 India: Events After 1960 Textbook Questions and Answers

1. A. Choose the correct option from the given option and rewrite the statements:
Question 1.
The Prime Minister of India who took an initiative in resolving the question of the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka was
(a) Rajiv Gandhi
(b) Indira Gandhi
(c) H. D. Deve Gowda
(d) P. V. Narasimha Rao
Answer:
(a) Rajiv Gandhi

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

is the father of the Green Revolution in India. (a) Dr. Verghese Kurien (b) Homi Bhabha (c) Dr. M. S. Swaminathan (d) Dr. Norman Borlaug

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

B. Identify and write the wrong pair in the following sets:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

(1) Indira Gandhi – Emergency (2) Rajiv Gandhi – Developments of Science and Technology (3) P. V. Narasimha Rao – Economic improvements (4) Chandrashekhar – Mandal Commission

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Chandrashekhar – Mandal Commission

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

A. Based on the information in the chapter, prepare a chronological chart of Prime Ministers and their tenure.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

2B. Write Short Notes on:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Globalisation

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Globalisation brought about many changes in different fields like economy, politics, science and technology, society and culture. (ii) India has emerged as an important country on the global scene in different spheres. (iii) India is an important member of international organisations like G-20 and ‘BRICS’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). (iv) India has experienced an important revolution in the field of telecommunication technology. (v) Mobile phones, internet and the communication facilities based on satellite have spread all across the country. (vi) It has resulted in a total transformation in the lifestyle of Indians and especially the youth. (vii) These changes are visible from their dietary habits, clothing, language and beliefs.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

White Revolution

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) White Revolution is a major event of India’s efforts towards self-reliance. (ii) The experiment in co-operative dairy movement by Dr. Verghese Kurien led to the increase of milk production in India. (iii) This is called as ‘White Revolution’.

3A. Give reasons:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

The Morarji Desai government lasted for a short while.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) On the backdrop of the emergency, many opposition parties came together and formed a party called the Janata Party. (ii) The Congress party led by Indira Gandhi was roundly defeated by this newly formed ‘Janata Party’. (iii) Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, but under his leadership the Janata Party government couldn’t last long due to its internal differences. (iv) Hence, the Morarji Desai government lasted for a short while.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

The army had to be sent into the Golden Temple in Amritsar.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) The Sikhs in Punjab demanded an independent state of Khalistan and began a movement which went on to become violent and destructive. (ii) Pakistan had lent its support to this movement. (iii) Some terrorists had allegedly taken shelter inside the Golden Temple at Amritsar, a holy shrine of the Sikhs in 1984. (iv) Hence, the Indian army was sent into the Golden Temple in Amritsar to evict the terrorists who had taken shelter there.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

The National Planning Commission was set up in India.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) India wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing industries. (ii) India wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through planning. (iii) For this, the National Planning Commission was established. This would coordinate development through the policy of Five Year Plans.

B. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

How was 1991 a year of important changes in the history of the world and of India?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) The year 1991 is held to be very important in the history of the world as well as India. (ii) The Soviet Union disintegrated into several different small countries and the Cold War came to an end. (iii) During this period, the Ram Janmabhumi and Babri Mosque issue at Ayodhya came to the forefront. (iv) In India, the Government under the leadership of Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao initiated many changes in the Indian economy. (v) These economic reforms are called as economic liberalisation. The Indian economy flourished as a result of the implementation of this policy. (vi) Skilled Indian professionals helped reform the Indian economy. The field of information technology opened several avenues of employment in the country. (vii) The changes after 1991 are also described as ‘globalisation’.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

What are the characteristics of the Indian economy?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Right from independence, the modernisation of economy, economic self-sufficiency and social justice have been the characteristics of Indian economy. (ii) India wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing industries. (iii) It wanted to establish an economy based on social justice through planning. (iv) For this, the National Planning Commission was established that would coordinate development through the policy of Five Year Plans.

4. With the help of the information in the chapter, complete the list of the challenges before India and the strengths of India.
Question 1.

The Challenges In Front of India	Strengths
For Example: India-Pakistan war	Unity in diversity
…………………………..	……………………..
…………………………….	Nuclear preparedness
Separatism	……………………………..

Answer:

The Challenges In Front of India	Strengths
India-Pakistan war	Unity in diversity
Cross – Border Terrorism	Membership in G20 and BRICS
Corruption	Nuclear preparedness
Separatism	Establishment of National Planning Commission

Class 9 History Chapter 2 India: Events After 1960 Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option from the given option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) 1962

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

The Indo – China war was fought in the region of the _______ line. (a) MacMahon (b) Kashmir (c) St Lawrence (d) Me Kinley

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

MacMahon

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) 1964

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

After Jawaharlal Nehru _______ became Prime Minister of India. (a) Indira Gandhi (b) Rajiv Gandhi (c) Lal Bahadur Shastri (d) Morarji Desai

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

India and Pakistan went to war over the ________ issue in 1965. (a) Kashmir (b) Goa (c) Hyderabad (d) Kerala

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Kashmir

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

The ______ mediated between the conflicting countries of India and Pakistan. (a) Soviet Union (b) USA (c) Japan (d) China

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Soviet Union (a) Soviet Union

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

_____ gave the slogan ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’. (a) Indira Gandhi (b) Lai Bahadur Shastri (c) Morarji Desai (d) Rajiv Gandhi

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Lai Bahadur Shastri

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

Lai Bahadur Shastri breathed his last at ______in 1966. (a) Gorakhpur (b) Kuala Lumpur (c) Tashkent (d) Varanasi

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

A Freedom Movement was led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his organisation, ______. (a) Mukti Bahini (b) Bangla Bahini (c) Aamar Sonar Bangla (d) East Bengal Front

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Mukti Bahini

Question 10 Maharashtra Board Solution

The 1971 war between India and Pakistan led to the creation of an independent country called _______. (a) Bangladesh (b) Sri Lanka (c) Sikkim (d) Telangana

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Bangladesh

Question 11 Maharashtra Board Solution

India successfully carried out an underground test of an atomic device at ______ in Rajasthan. (a) Dispur (b) Mannapattam (c) Sriharikota (d) Pokhran

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) Pokhran

Question 12 Maharashtra Board Solution

The ______ High Court gave the verdict in 1974 that Indira Gandhi the then Prime Minister had misused the government machinery during her election campaign. (a) Allahabad (b) Bombay (c) Delhi (d) Panaji

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Allahabad

Question 13 Maharashtra Board Solution

The situation set against Indira Gandhi became more complicated due to the movement led by _________. (a) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) Jayprakash Narayan (c) G. D. Agarkar (d) Ramanand Tirth

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Jayprakash Narayan

Question 14 Maharashtra Board Solution

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 15 Maharashtra Board Solution

On the backdrop of the emergency, many opposition parties came together and formed a party called the _______. (a) Republican Party (b) Congress Party (c) Janata Party (d) Samaj Party

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 16 Maharashtra Board Solution

________ became Prime Minister on behalf of the Janata Party. (a) Morarji Desai (b) Indira Gandhi (c) Rajiv Gandhi (d) Lai Bahadur Shastri

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Morarji Desai

Question 17 Maharashtra Board Solution

The Sikhs in Punjab demanded an independent state of ______. (a) Khalistan (b) Pakistan (c) Kazakhstan (d) Baluchistan

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Khalistan

Question 18 Maharashtra Board Solution

______ had lent its support to the Khalistan movement. (a) China (b) Pakistan (c) England (d) Baluchistan

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Pakistan

Question 19 Maharashtra Board Solution

An organisation called ________ carried on a major movement in north-east India. (a) United Liberation Front of Assam (b) United Communist Group (c) United India Front (d) United Assam Federation

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) United Liberation Front of Assam

Question 20 Maharashtra Board Solution

______ laid the foundation of Indian atomic power programme. (a) Satish Dhawan (b) Homi Bhabha (c) A.P.J. Kalam (d) Vikram Sarabhai

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Homi Bhabha

Question 21 Maharashtra Board Solution

______, a terrorist organisation assassinated Rajiv Gandhi. (a) LTTE (b) ASEAN (c) LTEN (d) LTTA

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) LTTE

Question 22 Maharashtra Board Solution

India wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing _______. (a) Nuclear reactor (b) Industries (c) Electricity grids (d) Telephonic infrastructure

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(b) Industries

Question 23 Maharashtra Board Solution

The _______ government started economic reforms from 1991. (a) Moraq’i Desai (b) Indira Gandhi (c) Narasimha Rao (d) Lai Bahadur Shastri

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 24 Maharashtra Board Solution

In 1999, ________ came to power under the flag of Bharatiya Janata Party. (a) United Progressive Alliance (b) League of Indian Politics (c) India’s Administrative Assemblage (d) National Democratic Alliance

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) National Democratic Alliance

Question 25 Maharashtra Board Solution

________ is known as the father of the White Revolution. (a) Dr. Verghese Kurien (b) Dr. Dayaram Sahni (c) Dr. Homi Bhabha (d) Dr. M. S. Swaminathan

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(a) Dr. Verghese Kurien

Question 26 Maharashtra Board Solution

In 1975, the first satellite, ________ was launched by India. (a) Sputnik 1 (b) Apollo 1 (c) Aryabhatta (d) Agni

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Question 27 Maharashtra Board Solution

The _________ Commission was set up in 1953 to make recommendations, so as to improve condition of the lower castes. (a) Ganesh Agarkar (b) Appasaheb Mayekar (c) Tarabai Shinde (d) Kakasaheb Kalelkar

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(d) Kakasaheb Kalelkar

Write Short Notes on:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Atomic Energy and Space Research.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Dr. Homi Bhabha laid the foundation of the Indian atomic power programme. (ii) India insisted on using atomic energy for peaceful purposes like generation of electricity, pharmaceuticals and defence. (iii) India has achieved considerable success in space technology as well. In 1975, the first satellite ‘Aryabhatta’ was launched. (iv) Today, India has a successful space programme and many satellites have been launched under this programme. India has also made considerable advancement in the telecom sector.

Explain the statements with reason:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Globalisation brought about many changes in different fields.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) India has emerged as an important country on the global scene in different spheres. (ii) India is an important member of international organisations like G-20 and ‘BRICS’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). (iii) India has experienced an important revolution in the field of telecommunication technology. (iv) Mobile phones, internet and the communication facilities based on satellite have spread all across the country. (v) In the political field, India has demonstrated to the world how a stable democracy can function successfully. (vi) All this has resulted in a total transformation in the lifestyle of Indians, especially the youth. These changes are visible from their dietary habits, clothing, language and beliefs.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

There were several major changes in the social field in India for upliftment of women.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) To promote the all-round development of women and children many constructive steps were taken. (ii) A separate ‘Department of Women and. Child Development’ was created in 1985 under the Ministry of Human Resource Development. (iii) Some laws were made to ensure social justice to women and to help the implementation of various schemes in this direction. (iv) They include the Prohibition of Dowry Act, Equal Remuneration Act. As per the 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendments, seats are reserved for women in the local self¬government bodies.

Read the passage and answer the questions.

As a part of India’s policy to use atomic energy for peaceful purposes, India successfully carried out an underground test of an atomic device at Pokharan in Rajasthan in 1974. In 1975, the people of Sikkim voted for joining the Indian republic and Sikkim became a full-fledged State in the Indian federation. During this decade, the political situation in India grew unstable. The Allahabad High Court gave the verdict in 1974 that Indira Gandhi; the then Prime Minister had misused the government machinery during her election campaign. It led to nationwide strikes and protest. During this period, the situation became more complicated due to the movement led by Jayprakash Narayan. The situation of law and order in the country worsened and the government declared a state of National Emergency on the basis of the constitutional provisions relating to Emergency. During this turbulent period, the fundamental rights of Indian citizens were suspended. Due to the emergency, the Indian administration became disciplined, but the human rights were restricted. The period of national emergency lasted from 1975 to 1977 and after that general elections were conducted. On the backdrop of the emergency, many opposition parties came together and formed a party called the Janata Party. The Congress party led by Indira Gandhi was roundly defeated by this newly formed ‘Janata Party’. Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, but under his leadership the Janata Party government couldn’t last long due to internal differences. Charan Singh succeeded him, but even his government was a short-lived one. Elections were conducted once again in 1980 and the Congress party under the leadership of Indira Gandhi came to power again.

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

Enlist incidents that culminated in Indira Gandhi’s rise to power post the verdict of Allahabad High Court.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Following incidents paved the way of Indira Gandhi back to power:

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Which state became a constituent state of India in 1975?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

Sikkim voted to join the Indian Republic and it became a full – fledged state of Indian Republic in 1975.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Why do you think India conducted a nuclear test in Pokhran in 1974?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

India conducted Nuclear tests for two reasons: (i) to keep Pakistan’s aggression under check post 1971 war. (ii) To initiate peaceful and constructive use of atomic energy.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1 Maharashtra Board Solution

What were the contributions of Lai Bahadur Shastri?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Lai Bahadur Shastri succeeded Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and became the next Prime Minister of India. (ii) During his tenure, India and Pakistan went to war over the Kashmir issue in 1965. (iii) The Soviet Union tried to mediate between the two countries. (iv) Lai Bahadur Shastri gave the slogan ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan’ with which he highlighted the importance of Indian soldiers and Indian farmers. (v) Lai Bahadur Shastri breathed his last at Tashkent in 1966.

Question 2 Maharashtra Board Solution

Write a note on Rajiv Gandhi.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Right after Indira Gandhi’s assassination in 1984, Rajiv Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India. (ii) He tried to make several reforms in the field of Indian economy and that of science and technology. (iii) He took the lead in solving the issues of the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka. He promoted the idea of a united Sri Lanka with internal autonomy to the Tamil community, but his efforts in this regard proved to be in vain. (iv) He faced a lot of criticism in the context of corruption that took place during a defence equipment deal, especially the purchase of long-range canons from a foreign company called Bofors. (v) Political corruption became a crucial issue in the general elections that followed and the Congress party was defeated. (vi) In 1991, during the election campaign, the terrorist organisation in Sri Lanka, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), assassinated Rajiv Gandhi.

Question 3 Maharashtra Board Solution

Write a note on Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) In 1999 the ‘National Democratic Alliance’ came to power under the flag of Bharatiya Janata Party and Atal Bihari Vajpayee became India’s Prime Minister (1998-2004). (ii) Atal Bihari Vajpayee tried to establish a dialogue with Pakistan but was not successful. (iii) India conducted a number of nuclear tests in 1998 and declared herself as an atomic power. (iv) In 1999, there was another war between India and Pakistan in Kargil region over the Kashmir issue (v) India defeated Pakistan in this war as well.

Question 4 Maharashtra Board Solution

What is economic liberalisation? What are its benefits?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) The Narasimha Rao Government started economic reforms from 1991. These economic reforms are known as economic liberalisation. (ii) The Indian economy flourished as a result of the implementation of this policy. (iii) The foreign investment in India increased. Skilled Indian professionals helped reform the Indian economy. (iv) The field of information technology opened several avenues of employment in the country. (v) The changes after 1991 are also described as ‘globalisation’.

Question 5 Maharashtra Board Solution

What do you mean by (i) Green Revolution and (ii) White revolution?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Dr. M. S. Swaminathan is known as the father of the Green Revolution in 1965. He implemented new scientific agricultural techniques and increased the production of foodgrains. (ii) The experiment in co-operative dairy movement by Dr. Verghese Kurien led to increase of milk production in India. This is called as ‘White Revolution’.

Question 6 Maharashtra Board Solution

What is the progress of India in the fields of atomic energy and space research?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) India had also made a lot of progress in the fields of atomic energy and space research. (ii) Dr. Homi Bhabha laid the foundation of the Indian atomic power programme. (iii) India insisted on using atomic energy for peaceful purposes like generation of electricity, pharmaceuticals and defence. (iv) India has achieved considerable success in space technology as well. In 1975, the first satellite ‘Aryabhatta’ was launched. (v) Today, India has a successful space programme and many satellites have been launched under this programme. (vi) India has also made considerable advancement in the telecom sector.

Question 7 Maharashtra Board Solution

Describe the changes in India due to globalisation.

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Globalisation brought about many changes in different fields like economy, politics, science and technology and society and culture. (ii) India has emerged as an important country on the global scene in different spheres. India is an important member of international organisations like G-20 and ‘BRICS’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). (iii) India has experienced an important revolution in the field of telecommunication technology. Mobile phones, internet and the communication facilities based on satellite have spread all across the country. (iv) In the political field, India has demonstrated to the world how a stable democracy can function successfully. (v) All this has resulted in a total transformation in the lifestyle of Indians and especially the youth. These changes are visible from their dietary habits, clothing, language and beliefs.

Question 8 Maharashtra Board Solution

How was an independent country of Bangladesh created?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India in 1966. (ii) During her tenure, Pakistan’s oppressive I policies in East Pakistan resulted in a big movement there. This movement was led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his organisation, ‘Mukti Bahini.’ (iii) This crisis in East Pakistan affected India as well, because millions of refugees came to India. (iv) The 1971 war between India and Pakistan led to the creation of an independent country called Bangladesh.

Question 9 Maharashtra Board Solution

What policies were made to uplift the deprived sections of the society?

Solution & Step-by-Step Answer:

(i) The ‘Kakasaheb Kalelkar Commission’ was set up in 1953 to make recommendations so as to improve their condition. (ii) In 1978, a Commission was constituted under the chairmanship of B. P. Mandal to study the issue of the backward classes. (iii) The policy of reservation was adopted in order to strengthen the representation of backward sections in various services and institutions. (iv) The Government passed the Prevention of Atrocities Act in 1989 to enable those belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Tribes to live with dignity and respect, free from fear, violence and oppression of the upper classes.

Question 10. Identify the picture and give relevant information. Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India in the year 1966. Indira Gandhi’s strong leadership was prominent in the war between India and Pakistan in 1971. The first atomic test at Pokharan was carried out under her leadership. The Allahabad High Court gave the verdict in 1974, that Indira Gandhi had misused the government machinery during her election campaign. She declared a’state of National Emergency in 1975.

Chapter 2 India: Events After 1960 Solutions