Chapter 2 The Living World Solutions

Plants

Animals

1. Plants cannot move from one place to another. They are anchored to the soil.

1. Animals can move from one place to another.

2. Plants prepare their own food with the help of chlorophyll and sunlight.

2. Animals cannot prepare their own food. They move in search of food from one place to another.

3. Plants grow throughout their life.

3. Animals grow only up to a certain period of their life.

4. Plants respire with the help of microscopic pores present on their leaves and stems.

4. Animals respire with the help of special organs like lungs, gills, trachea, etc.

5. Plants excrete their waste by storing them in the leaves and bark of plants and then shedding them seasonally.

5. Animals excrete their waste with the help of special organs regularly.

6. Plants are only living things which take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen during photosynthesis.

6. Animals take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide throughout their life.

7. Plants reproduce with the help of seeds, stems, spores, bulbs etc.

7. Animals reproduce by laying eggs or giving birth to young ones.

Living Things

Non-Living Things

1. Living things can grow on their own in size, height and weight.

1. Non-living things do not grow on their own in size, height and weight.

2. Living things can move from one place to another on their own.

2. Non-living things can move only if someone moves them.

3. Living things can reproduce.

3. Non-living things cannot reproduce.

4. Living things exhibit responses to various stimuli.

4. Non-living things do not exhibit responses to various stimuli.

5. They require food for their growth.

5. They do not require any food.

Plant/Animal

Breathing Organ

A fish

gills

A snake

external nostrils and lungs.

A crane

external nose and air sacs in lungs.

An earthworm

moist skin.

Man

nose and lungs.

A banyan tree

microscopic pores (called stomata) present on leaves.

A caterpillar

trachea which opens at the side in their skin.

Animals

Uses

1. Honeybees

Honey and wax prepared by them is used by us. Beeswax is used in cosmetics like lip – balm, lipgloss, etc.

2. Sharks

The ‘shark liver oil’ obtained from them is a rich source of vitamins.

3. Yaks

Milk and meat obtained is used as food. Yaks are also used for carrying loads in mountainous regions.

4. Sheep

Their fleece is used as a good source of wool. Their meat is used as food.

5. Earthworms

They convert biodegradable waste to good manure (vermicompost)which can be used in fields and gardens. They are called “friends of farmers” as they make the soil fertile.

6. Dogs

They are used as pets to guard houses and farms.

7. Bivalves

Bivalves like oysters are used to obtain pearls used in jewellery making. They are also used as food.

8. Horses

They are used for pulling carriages, heavy loads and also as means of transport in mountainous regions.

9. Mice

They are used in research to test medicines, vaccines etc.

10. Rabbits

They are used as pets and also in research. Their meat is used as food.

Plants

Uses

1. Ginger

Used as medicine to cure digestive problems of stomach. It is also used as a spice in food.

2. Mango

It is used to prepare pickles when raw and as a fruit when ripe. It is also used to prepare jam, jelly and in ice-creams.

3. Eucalyptus

Leaves and oil extracted from it is used as medicine to cure fever, cold and cough.

4. Babul (Acacia)

It is used as a medicine. Also used as cattle feed. It is used to clean teeth. It was also used to cure leprosy and heal wounds.

5. Teak (Sag)

Its wood is used to make furniture.

6. Spinach (Palak)

It is used as a vegetable.

7. Aloe vera (Korphad)

It is used to treat various skin diseases. Its gel is used as a moisturizer for skin and for treating hair fall.

8. Turmeric

It is used as a spice and has medicinal properties. It is used for healing wounds and cuts due to its antiseptic properties (i.e. helps to prevent growth of bacteria).

9. Holy basil (Tulsi)

It is used as medicine to cure cough and cold. It also reduces air pollution and drives away mosquitoes.

10. Karanja (Jatropha)

It is used as a medicine and its seeds are used to prepare biodiesel.

11. Moh (Mahwa) [Scientific name: Madhuca longifolia]

The fat extracted from its seeds is used in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. Its bark and flowers are used as medicine. Its leaves are used to feed silkworms which produce Tussar silk. Seeds and flowers are also used to make wine.

12. Mulberry

The leaves of these trees are used for feeding silkworms which produce silk. The fruits are rich in vitamins. Jam and jelly are also made from these fruits.

13. Grapevine

Grapes are fruits of a grapevine. They are used for making jam, jelly, juice, wine and are also eaten as fruits. Raisins are prepared from these grapes.

1. Snakes

They don’t have legs. They move in a S-shaped wavy motion. They cannot move over smooth surface. They move by contraction and relaxation of their body muscles.

2. Tortoises

They are very slow and they walk on their four legs by raising their body off the ground. They are the slowest animals.

3. Kangaroos

The hind legs of kangaroos are long and front legs are short. A kangaroo moves by hopping (jumping) on its muscular hind legs with the support of long tail outstretched behind. This movement is called penta pedal movement [Penta = 5, pedal = legs].

4. Eagles

Eagles fly at great heights and they can lift and fly away with prey which are heavier than them. Wings of eagles are strong and powerful.

5. Chameleons

Chameleons can change the colour of their skin and camouflage (hide) in their surroundings. They move slowly with their four legs. They also use their tail and claws to grab a branch and balance themselves.

6. Frogs

Their hind legs are long and front legs are short. Hence, they hop on their hind legs, when on land, and swim with the help of hind limbs when in water.

7. Gulmohar

Gulmohar blooms in summer and the flowers which are red in colour reveal very few leaves. Their leaves fold up during evening. It grows to a height of 5 m to 12 m and it shed all its leaves in dry season.

8. Sweet potato creeper

Sweet potato creepers are fastest growing creepers that cover the whole ground. If they find some support, they try to bend towards it.

9. Dolphins

They move on surface of water by slapping their tail, exposing their head, leaping out of water, diving in the water and doing a side flop. 30 patterns are seen in their behaviour while moving on water.

10. Ants

The ants move in a line and as they move, they leave a chemical called pheromone behind as a trail which attracts other ants. They have six legs and they can walk very fast.

11. Rattle snakes

Rattle snake is a highly poisonous snake. The rattling sound is made by the shaking of the rattle located on its tail when it moves.

12. Grasshoppers

They are insects with three pairs of walking legs and two pairs of wings which helps them to walk, fly and jump. They can leap vigorously due to powerful hind legs.

13. Earthworms

Each segment on the body of earthworm contain group of bristles (called setae) which are used for movement. They move forward by repeated contractions and relaxations of their muscles. A slimy substances secreted by the earthworm helps in its movement.