MARCH 2023
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PAPER-II
Q. 1. (A) Write the correct alternative:
(i) Vestigial organ present in human body is proof of evolution.
(A) Human hand
(B) Appendix
(C) Ear muscles
(D) Tail bone
(ii) Type of sexual reproduction is
(A) Fragmentation
(B) Regeneration
(C) Gamete formation
(D) Budding
(iii) The apex consumer is
(A) Eagle
(B) Frog
(C) Snake
(D) Grasshopper
(iv) The Hydroelectric capacity of Koyna dam is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(v) Animal with bilateral symmetry is
(A) Star fish
(B) Human
(C) Paramecium
(D) Amoeba
(B) Answer the following question as per the given instructions :
(i) State whether the following statement is true or false :
To take selfie on road is the invitation for accident.
(ii) Write the correct co-relation :
Insulin : diabetes : : Interferon :
(iii) To which class does bat belong ?
(iv) Match the correct pair.
Column A Column B
1. Forest Conservation Act (a) 1986
(b) 1980
(c)
(v) Write the name of indicated part in diagram :
Human Jaw
Answer :
1. (A)
(i) (B) Vestigial organ Appendix present in human body is proof of evolution.
(ii) (C) Type of sexual reproduction is Gamete formation.
(iii) (A) The apex consumer is Eagle.
(iv) (C) The hydroelectric capacity of koynadam is .
(v) (B) Animal with bilateral symmetry is Human.
(B)
(i) True
(ii) Insulin : diabetes : : Interferon : Viral Infection
(iii) Class Mammalia
(iv) (1) Forest Conservation Act (b) 1980.
(v) The name of indicated part in given diagram is Wisdom teeth.
Q. 2. (A) Give scientific reasons. (Any two) :
(i) Sometimes higher plants and animals too perform anaerobic respiration.
(ii) It is absolutely necessary to control the fission reaction in nuclear power plant.
(iii) Flower is structural unit of sexual reproduction in plants.
(B) Answer the following questions. (Any three) :
(i) Write a short note on Environmental Conservation.
(ii) Distinguish between Chordates and Non-chordates.
(iii) Write the correct answer in blank circles.
(iv) Write down any two objectives of disaster management.
(v) What are the benefits of mixing ethanol with petrol and diesel?
Answer:
- (A) (i) Some higher plants, animals and aerobic microbes also preform anaerobic respiration instead of aerobic respiration if there is depletion in oxygen level in the surrounding. Example: Seeds perform anaerobic respiration if the soil is submerged under water during germination. Similarly, our muscle cells also perform anaerobic respiration while performing the exercise. Due to this, less amount of energy is produced in our body and lactic acid accumulates due to which we feel tired.
(ii) (a) The products after fission of nuclear fuel are also radioactive and emit harmful radiations. The products are called as nuclear waste. How to dispose the nuclear safely is a big challenge before scientists.
(b) An accident in nuclear power plant can be very fatal. This is because the accident may result in release of very harmful radiations.
(iii) Flower is structural unit of sexual reproduction in plants. It consists of four floral whorls as calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium; arranged in sequence from outside to inside. Androecium and gynoecium are called ‘essential whorls’ because
they perform the function of reproduction wheareas calyx and corolla are called as ‘accessory whorls’ because they are responsible for protection of inner whorls.
(B)
(i) Environmental Conservation : Since existence of human, there is interrelationship between human and environment. Human stepped on the Earth long after formation of Earth. On the Earth, human being proved its superiority as compared to othe animals with the help of characters like intelligence, memory, imagination ability etc. Human established dominations over the nature. Human utilized all the natural resources as much as possible. In an attempt to live a satisfactory life, human kept on snatching from the nature as much as possible and this lead to increase in problems. From this entire scenario, we can understand that human has crucial role in maintaining the environmental balance. If human has disturbed the environmental balance, then human itself only can conserve and improve the quality of nature. Many times, general public. is unknown that its activities are harmful to environment and thereby unknowingly many activities happen.
(ii) | Non-chordates | Chordates | ||||
| 1. Body is supported by notochord. | |||||
|
| |||||
4. Heart, if present, it is on dorsal side. |
|
(iii)
(iv) Objectives of Disaster Management –
- Supply of essential commodities of the people to reduce the effect of disaster.
- Rehabilitate disaster victims.
(v) Now-a-days many countries are practicing mixing of ethanol with petrol and diesel. Ethanol is a clean burning fuel and reduces the vehicle exhaust emissions. Also, it is an easily available and cheap source which makes it suitable for this purpose.
Q.3. Answer the following questions. (any five) :
(i) Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
(ii) Complete the following chart :
Sr. No. | Column A | Column B |
1. | Melanin, Keratin | ……………………….. |
2. | ………………………… | Pancreas |
3. | Haemoglobin, antibodies | ……………………….. |
(iii) Write the factors affecting environment
(iv) Answer the following question from figure :
(a) With reference to point B, potential energy of how much water reservoir in the dam will be converted into kinetic energy?
(b) What will be the effect on electricity generation, if the channel taking water to turbine starts at point ?
(c) What will be the effect on electricity generation, if the channel taking water to turbine starts at point ?
(v) Cockroach, Frog, Sparrow, Star fish, from these animals which can regenerate its broken body part?
(vi) Complete the diagram showing various processes in tissue culture.
(vii) Which fuels are obtained from biomass?
(viii)) Complete the following passage by using appropriate words given in brackets : (Delhi, 12, 2005, army, National Disaster, rescue work, State Reserve Police, 2015)
National Disaster Response Force has been established as per the Disaster Management
Act, …………………… Divisions of the force are working in army. Overall, ……………………. divisions are working in the country. Its headquarter is in ……………………………… and it is in action all over the country with the help of ………………………. In Maharashtra, ………………… Response Force is in action through State Reserve Police Force. Personnel of this force have substantial contribution in ……………………………… in disasters like cyclones, cliff-sliding, building collapse, etc.
Answer:
3.
(i) Darwin’s theory of natural selection :
- Darwin is famous for the theory which he published in the book titled ‘Origin of Species’
- Darwin’s theory of natural selection is based on the concept of survival of the fittest.
- Organisms can produce prolifically.
- Under limited resources, organisms compete with each other in a life threatening manner for their survival.
- According to this theory, only those organisms survive which show modifications for winning the competition. The selected organisms then give rise to new species with their specific set of characters.
(ii)
Sr. No. | Column A | Column B |
1. | Melanin, Keratin | Skin |
2. | Insulin, Trypsin | Pancreas |
3. | Haemoglobin, antibodies | Blood |
(iii) Factor affecting environment :
- The biotic and abiotic factors affect the environment. Among abiotic factors, the physical and chemical factors can alter the conditions of the environment.
- Abiotic factors are either natural or man-made.
- The various interrelationships between different living organisms can also affect environment.
- The natural disasters such as earthquake, forest fires cyclones, cloud bursting, drought etc. change the environment.
- The human activities such as deforestation, urbanisation, construction etc. cause permament damage to the ecosystems. Due to man-made impact, there can be large scale changes in the environment.
(iv) (a) The potential energy of all the water above the point B will be converted to kinetic energy.
(b) As height increases, potential energy increases. Thus at point A, potential energy of water will be maximum. If a canal/penstock carrying water from dam starts at point A, this maximum potential energy will be converted into kinetic energy due to which turbines will rotate with more speed. Thus, more electrical energy will be generated.
(c) If a canal/penstock carrying water from dam starts at point , this minimum potential energy will be converted into kinetic energy due to which turbines will rotate with less speed. Thus, less electrical energy will be generated.
(v) Starfish can regenerate its broken body part.
(vi)
(vii) Fuels which are obtained from biomass are called biofuels and they are an important and renewable source of energy. Biofuels can be in the form of either solid, liquid or gases. Solid biofuels-Coal, dung, crop residue.
Liquid – Vegetable oils, alcohol.
Gaseous – Gobar gas, coal gas.
(viii) National Disaster Response Force has been established as per the Disaster Management Act, 2005. Divisions of the force are working in army. Overall, 12 divisions are working in the country. Its headquarter is in Delhi and it is in action all over the country with the help of Army . In Maharashtra, National Disaster Response Force is in action through State Reserve Police Force. Personnel of this force have substantial contribution in rescue work in disasters like cyclones, cliff-sliding, building collapse, etc.
Q.4. Answer any one of the following questions :
(i) Answer the following questions by observing the diagram of menstrual cycle:
(a) What is the period of menstruation?
(b) On which day does ovalation occur during menstrual cycle?
(c) In menstrual cycle which reproductive organs undergo changes?
(d) Which period is said to be period of regeneration of endometrium?
(e) Which period is said to be period of secretions of glands in endometrium?
(ii) Solve the following cross word:
(a) Continuous consumption of alcoholic and tabacco materials.
(b) This app may cause the cyber crimes.
(c) A remedy to resolve stress.
(d) Requirement for stress free life
(e) Various factors affect …………………………… health.
(f) Art of preparing food items.
Answer :
(i)
(a) 1 to 5 days (Bleeding) is the period of menstruation.
(b) On the 14th or 15th day ovulation occur during menstrual cycle.
(c) The ovary and uterus, these two reproductive organs in menstrual cycle undergo changes.
(d) In the menstrual cycle, days 5 to 14 are the period of regeneration of the endometrium.
(e) The period of secretions of glands in the endometrium is 15 to 28 days.
(ii)
(d) Which period is said to be period of regeneration of endometrium?
(e) Which period is said to be period of secretions of glands in endometrium?
(ii) Solve the following cross word:
(a) Continuous consumption of alcoholic and tabacco materials.
(b) This app may cause the cyber crimes.
(c) A remedy to resolve stress.
(d) Requirement for stress free life
(e) Various factors affect health.
(f) Art of preparing food items.
Answer :
(i) (a) 1 to 5 days (Bleeding) is the period of menstruation.
(b) On the 14th or 15th day ovulation occur during menstrual cycle.
(c) The ovary and uterus, these two reproductive organs in menstrual cycle undergo changes.
(d) In the menstrual cycle, days 5 to 14 are the period of regeneration of the endometrium.
(e) The period of secretions of glands in the endometrium is 15 to 28 days.
(ii)
MARCH 2022
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PAPER-II
(REVISED COURSE)
1. (A) Write the correct alternative :
(i) Bones contain amino acids.
(A) Melanin
(B) Haemoglobin
(C) Ossein
(D) Insulin
Answer : (C) Ossein
(ii) Giant squirrel is an example of threatened species.
(A) Endangered
(B) Rare
(C) Vulnerable
(D) Indeterminate
Answer : (D) Indeterminate
(iii) Human being belongs to class.
(A) Mammalia
(B) Amphibia
(c) Reptilia
(D) Cyclostomata
Answer : (A) Mammalia
(iv) Organs like can be donated after death.
(A) Skin
(B) Heart
(C) Lungs
(D) Bones
Answer : (B) Heart
(v) Volcano is a disaster.
(A) Social
(B) Political
(C) Biological
(D) Geological
Answer : (D) Geological
(B) Answer the following :
(i) Find the odd one out :
Earthquake, Flooding, Tsunami, War
Answer : War.
(ii) State true or false :
Oxidation of proteins is carried out in aerobic respiration.
Answer : false.
(iii) Complete the correlation :
Western ghat : Asiatic lion :: Sunderban sanctuary :
Answer : Bengal Tiger.
(iv) Which type of fuel is used in thermal power plant?
Answer : Coal.
(v) Identify the picture and name it.
Answer : Laughter club.
2. (A) Give scientific reasons (any ) :
(i) Cell division is one of the important properties of cell and organisms.
Answer : Cell division is one of the very important properties of cells and living organisms. Due to this property only, a new organism is formed from existing one, a multicellular organism grows up and emaciated body can be restored.
(ii) Cockroach belongs to phylum Arthropoda.
Answer: 1. Cockroach belongs to phylum Arthropoda because it has jointed appendages which is the characteristic feature of the members belonging to Phylum Arthropoda.
2. It has chitinous exoskeleton.
(iii) Power generation plant based on natural gas is eco-friendly.
Answer: Power generation plant based on natural gas is eco-friendly because natural gas does not contain sulphur. So, burning results in less pollution. In power plants, natural gas emits 50 to 60 percent less carbon dioxide than regular oil or coal-fired power plants. It also emits greenhouse gases with a lower life cycle into the atmosphere. Thus it is eco-friendly in nature.
(B) Answer the following (any three) :
(i) Complete the following diagram :
(ii) What do we learn from the story of Jadav Molai Payeng?
Answer :
- Mr. Molai single handedly transformed a barren land into forest.
- It was due to his positive attitude and affection towards nature and hardwork, that he could achieve success in planting trees, in over 1360 acres of land.
- From the story of Jadhav Molai, we learn that we all need to make earth a better place to live for us as well as for the coming generations.
(iii) Distinguish between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. (two points)
Answer :
Asexual reproduction | Sexual production | |||||
|
| |||||
|
|
(iv) Define genetically modified crops and give any two examples.
Answer: Crops developed with desired characters by integrating foreign gene with their genome are called as genetically modified crops. For example, Bt Cotton and Golden rice etc.
(v) What are vitamins? Write two types of vitamins.
Answer: A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism. There are six main types of vitamins, e.g. A, B, C, D, E and K. Out of these, A, D, E and K are fat-soluble whereas and are water-soluble vitamins.
Q. 3. Answer the following (any five) :
(i) Explain the meanings of the following symbols :
(1)
Answer : Please do not litter. Dispose your waste in dustbin or trashbin.
(2)
Answer : Save fuel.
(3)
Answer : Save water.
(ii) Write any three characteristics of class reptilia.
Answer: The characteristics of class Reptilia are :
- These are creeping and burrowing terrestrial animals with scales on their body.
- They are cold-blooded animals found in most of the warmer regions of the world.
- Their skin is dry and rough, without any glands.
(iii) (1) Which substance is used to produce cheese?
Answer : Cow milk is used to produce cheese.
(2) Which enzyme was used earlier for cheese production?
Answer : Rennet was used earlier for cheese production.
(3) Which enzyme is used to produce vegetarian cheese?
Answer : Protease is used to produce vegetarian cheese.
(iv) (1) Which process is shown in the given diagram?
Answer: Stem cell therapy is shown in the given diagram.
(2) What is the importance of this process ?
Answer : Stem cells represent an exciting area of medicine due to their potential to regenerate and repair damaged tissue. They are very important and some current
therapies, such as bone marrow transplantation, already make use of stem cells and their potential for regeneration of damaged tissues.
(3) Which organs can be transplanted by this process?
Answer : Pair of kidney’s skin from certain parts of body, can be transplanted by this process.
(v) What is meant by disaster ? Write any two examples of each natural and man-made disaster.
Answer: The unpredictable, dangerous events which occur many times in the environment (vii) are known as disaster.
Example : (i) Man made disasters are forest fire, war, etc.
(ii) Natural disasters are flood, earthquake, etc.
(vi) Write the objection raised against Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
Answer : Some of the main objections raised against Darwin’s theory of natural selection were:
- Natural selection is not the only factor responsible for evolution.
- Darwin did not mention any explanation about useful and useless modifications.
- There is no explanation about slow changes and abrupt changes.
(1) Which process is shown in the above given picture?
Answer : Biofuel process is shown in the above picture.
(2) Give two examples for liquid fuels and solids fuels obtained by this process.
Answer : Vegetable oil and alcohol are two examples of liquid fuels and coal and dung are two examples of solid fuels.
(viii) (1) Complete the stages in electric generator using wind energy.
Answer.
(2) Write limitations in an electric generator using wind energy.
Answer. Limitations in an electric generator :
- The speed of the wind is not constant and necessary wind velocity is not available everywhere.
- It is limited in availability and uncontrollable.
- The limitation of wind power is that no electricity is produced when the wind is not blowing. Thus, it cannot be used as a dependable source of base load power.
Q. 4. Answer any one of the following:
(i) (a) Sketch and label the essential and accessory whorls of flower.
Answer :
(b) What is pollination?
Answer : Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of the same or another flower.
(c) Give any two examples of agents of pollination.
Answer : Examples of agents of pollination are :
- Insect pollination : Bees are the most common and recognised insect pollinators.
- Bird pollination : Some birds, especially humming birds pollinate plants.
(ii) What will you do?
(1) You are spending more time on internet.
Answer : Designating activities during which the usages of internet or mobile phone should have to be strictly avoided.
Example : During meal, while studying.
(2) Child of your neighbour is addicted to tobacco chewing.
Answer : I will make him aware about the health problems associated with chewing tobacco like mouth cancer, tooth decay, gum disease etc.
(3) Your sister has become incommunicative.
Answer : I will talk to her and try to find out the reason for her aloofness and the stress. I will discuss her problems and will help her to find a solution to her problems.
(4) You have to use free space around your home for good purpose.
Answer : I will grow small plants and shrubs, which will beautify the surroundings and also help in reducing the carbon dioxide levels, thus preventing the air pollution.
(5) Your brother studying in XII has developed the stress.
Answer : I will talk to him and try to understand whether the stress is due to studies or something else is bothering him. I will also try to find out the solution of his problems.